Zofalitsidwa · Malawi
Kulembetsa kampani ku China: zikalata, njira ndi nthawi
Chitsogozo cha Chichewa kwa anthu ochokera ku Malawi omwe akufuna kuyambitsa kampani ku China: zikalata zofunika, njira zoyenera kutsatira, nthawi yotenga, ndi mfundo zofunika kuziganizira. Iyi ndi chidziwitso chonse, osati uphungu wa zamalamulo kapena msonkho.
Ngati muli wochokera ku Malawi ndipo mukuganiza zoyambitsa kampani ku China, mungakhale mukudziwa kale kuti dziko la China ndi msika waukulu kwambiri. Koma kulembetsa kampani kumeneko si chinthu chosavuta; kumafuna kukonzekera bwino, zikalata zoyenera, ndi kumvetsa njira zomwe boma la China limafuna. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zomwe muyenera kudziwa: zikalata, njira, ndi nthawi yotenga. Dziwani kuti izi ndi chidziwitso chonse, osati uphungu wa zamalamulo kapena msonkho. Musanayambe, funsani katswiri wa zamalamulo kapena kampani yothandiza pa bizinesi ku China kuti akulangizeni mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe muyenera kudziwa kaye?
Poyamba, muyenera kusankha mtundu wa kampani yomwe mukufuna. Ku China, mitundu iwiri yofala kwambiri ndi:Kampani ya Malawi yokhala ndi udindo wochepa (WFOE) — kampani yomwe ili ndi eni ake akunja okha, ndipo imatha kuchita bizinesi mwachindunji ku China; ndi Joint Venture — kampani yomwe muli nawo gawo limodzi ndi mnzake wa ku China. Palinso maofesi oyimira (representative offices), koma awa sangachite malonda mwachindunji; amangothandiza pa kufufuza msika ndi kulumikizana.
Muyeneranso kudziwa kuti dziko la China lili ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, kapena Guangzhou uli ndi malamulo akea omwe angakhale osiyana pang'ono. Choncho, musanapange chisankho, funsani za dera lomwe mukufuna kukhalapo.
Zikalata zofunika pakulembetsa kampani
Zikalata zoyambira zomwe amafuna nthawi zambiri ndi izi:
- Pasipoti ya eni kampani (kapena eni onse ngati ali angapo), yotsimikizika ndi notariya. Nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti pasipoti ikhale yotsimikizika ndi notariya ku Malawi kapena ku ofesi ya China ku Malawi.
- Chikalata chotsimikizika cha adilesi ya eni kampani — monga bilu ya magetsi kapena bank statement yomwe ili ndi dzina ndi adilesi.
- Dzina la kampani — muyenera kupereka mayina angapo oti asankhe, chifukwa dzina limodzi likhoza kukhala logwiritsidwa kale ntchito. Dzina liyenera kutsatira malamulo a China.
- Chikalata cha mtundu wa bizinesi — kufotokoza zomwe kampani idzachite.
- Adilesi ya ofesi ku China — iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Muyenera kukhala ndi malo enieni omwe mungagwiritse ntchito ngati ofesi. Nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti pakhale mgwirizano wa lendi (lease) kapena chikalata chotsimikizika cha eni nyumba.
- Ndondomeko ya kampani (Articles of Association) — yomwe imafotokoza mmene kampani idzagwire ntchito, ndalama zake, ndi udindo wa eni ake.
- Chikalata chotsimikizika cha ndalama zomwe zidzayikidwe mu kampani — monga bank statement kapena chitsimikizo cha ndalama. Ndalamazi ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka ndi malamulo a China.
- Zikalata zina — monga fomu zosainidwa, chikalata cha msonkho, ndi zina zomwe boma la dera limafuna.
Zikalata zonse zomwe zimachokera kunja ziyenera kumasuliridwa m'Chitchaina ndi kampani yovomerezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna kutsimikizika ndi notariya kapena kukonzedwa mwa njira ina yovomerezeka (legalization). Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa zikalata zosatsimikizika sizingavomerezedwe.
Njira zoyenera kutsatira
Kulembetsa kampani ku China kumatsatira njira zingapo. Izi ndi njira zofala:
1. Kufufuza ndi kusankha dzina
Muyenera kufunsa ku ofesi ya boma yoyang'anira malonda (State Administration for Market Regulation, kapena ofesi yake m'dera) kuti muwone ngati dzina lomwe mukufuna lilipo kale. Izi zitha kutenga masiku angapo.
2. Kukonzekera zikalata
Sonkhanitsani zikalata zonse zomwe zili pamwambapa. Onetsetsani kuti zabwerekedwa bwino, zomasuliridwa, ndi kutsimikizika. Izi ndi gawo lomwe limatenga nthawi yayitali, makamaka ngati mukuchokera kunja.
3. Kulembetsa ku boma la malonda
Perekani zikalata ku ofesi ya boma la malonda m'dera lanu. Iwo adzayang'ana ndi kuvomereza ngati zonse zili bwino. Mukavomerezedwa, mudzalandirachikalata cholembetsera kampani (Business License).
4. Kulembetsa msonkho
Mukalandira Business License, muyenera kulembetsa ku ofesi ya msonkho kuti mukhalepo ndi nambala ya msonkho. Izi ndi zofunika kuti mugwire ntchito mwalamulo.
5. Kufungula akaunti ya banki
Muyenera kufungula akaunti ya banki ya kampani ku China. Nthawi zambiri amafuna Business License, chidindo cha kampani, ndi zikalata zina. Izi zingatenge masiku angapo.
6. Kulembetsa ku ofesi ya zantchito ndi chitukuko
Malinga ndi mtundu wa bizinesi, mungafunike kulembetsa ku ofesi ina, monga ya kasamalidwe ka anthu ogwira ntchito kapena ya chilengedwe.
7. Kukonza chidindo cha kampani
Chidindo (company seal) ndi chofunika kwambiri ku China; ndi chizindikiro cha kampani pa zikalata zonse. Muyenera kukonza chidindocho ku ofesi yovomerezeka.
Nthawi yotenga
Nthawi yotenga kulembetsa kampani ku China imasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo: dera, mtundu wa kampani, ndi mmene zikalata zili bwino. Koma mwadziwika, ngati zonse zili bwino, njira yonse ingatenge pakati pa masabata 4 ndi 8. Izi zikuphatikiza kukonzekera zikalata, kumasulira, kutsimikizika, kulembetsa, ndi kufungula akaunti. Nthawi zina zimatha kutenga miyezi 2 kapena kupitirira ngati zikalata sizili bwino kapena ngati boma likufunsa zina.
Choncho, muyenera kukonzekera nthawi yokwanira ndi ndalama zothandizira. Musayembekezere kuti zonse zidzatha mwachangu.
Mfundo zina zofunika kuziganizira
- Ndalamazo sizochepa. Kulembetsa kampani kumafuna ndalama zolipira boma, kampani yomasulira, notariya, ndi zina. Konzekerani ndalama zokwanira.
- Kukhala ndi wothandizira wa ku China. Nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti mukhale ndi munthu kapena kampani ya ku China yomwe imadziwa njira. Izi zimathandiza kupewa zovuta.
- Kutsatira malamulo a msonkho. Kampani ikakhala yolembetsedwa, muyenera kupereka lipoti la msonkho nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi ndi zofunika; kulephera kungabweretse chilango.
- Visa ndi chilolezo chokhala. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ku China kuyang'anira bizinesi, muyenera kufunsa za visa yoyenera. Izi ndi nkhani ina yosiyana ndi kulembetsa kampani.
Kuti mukwaniritse
Kulembetsa kampani ku China ndi njira yofunika kukonzekera. Ngati muli wochokera ku Malawi, muyenera kudziwa kuti zikalata ziyenera kukhala zotsimikizika ndi zomasuliridwa, ndipo nthawi yotenga imatha masabata angapo kapena miyezi. Koma ngati mukonzekera bwino ndi kufunsa akatswiri, zinthu zimatha kuyenda bwino. Kumbukirani: nkhaniyi ndi chidziwitso chonse, osati uphungu wa zamalamulo kapena msonkho. Nthawi zonse funsani katswiri wa zamalamulo ku China kapena ku Malawi kuti akulangizeni molingana ndi zomwe mukufuna.